GRAVISSIMAS
ENCYCLICAL OF POPE LEO XIII ON
RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN PORTUGAL
To
Cardinal Netto, Patriarch of Lisbon
and to the Bishops of Portugal.
In
the midst of the serious concerns which
distress Us more daily on account of the war declared on religious orders
in many areas, the joint letter, eminent and full of dignity, which, in
fulfillment of your pastoral duty and your reverence for your Ruler, you
recently sent to your Faithful King, was an extraordinary consolation
to Us. For nothing could be more pleasing to Us than to see you promptly
unite both to defend religious congregations and to support their needs
and usefulness. Therefore nothing pleases Us more than to approve your
zeal and to honor your efforts with the praise they deserve.
2.
Indeed, there is little wonder if you, both as those who preside over
the Church and also as citizens of Portugal, find fault with the recent
decrees against religious societies. For it is clear that they are contrary
to the rights of the Church and to the rights of the faithful to choose
a state of life; they deprive the state of not a few outstanding benefits
which flow to it from religious institutes, as the authors of these decrees
themselves admit in no uncertain manner.
3. What
must be thought of the conditions imposed by the government of Portugal
on religious
families if they are to survive, you have already eminently declared.
This must be kept in mind throughout, however, that in accord with the
discipline of the Catholic Church, no religious order can exist or prosper
if its novitiate and vows are removed. Therefore the laws proper to each
Institute, if perhaps necessary, are to be brought into conformity with
civil prescriptions; but this must only be done in such a way that the
dignity of the individual religious be preserved and, most importantly,
that the nature of their holy state be kept entire and intact.
4. With
joined forces, you must decide how to meet the losses and dangers which
oppress religious societies and in what fashion you may more aptly provide
for their preservation in your midst. Indeed it is proper that the Holy
See hand over to the joint judgment of those who can weigh more closely,
by being present as you are, the mind and intentions of the civil authorities
and the circumstances of situations and places. For the rest, the Apostolic
See itself will not fail to take care to draw up a suitable way of life
according to proper norms and dispensation for religious forcefully removed
from their domiciles.
5.
Continue therefore to strenuously defend the cause of religion and civil
society, which will only have a favorable outcome if you indicate to
your faithful a clear
and proper method of acting in public. Continue also to exert every effort
to unite and increase Catholic forces and to foster publications and organizations
which defend the Church's rights. Diligently foster that harmony of wills
which puts aside private opinions and partisan political rivalries. These
We most earnestly request of you.
6.
Finally, as a token of divine assistance and in testimony of our benevolence
we lovingly bestow on you, Venerable Brothers, and all the
faithful of Portugal and especially on members of religious orders, the
Apostolic Blessing.
Given
in Rome at St. Peter's, 16 May 1901, in the 24th year of Our Pontificate.
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